Alpha-lipoic acid, also known as thioctic acid or 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid, is a powerful antioxidant that is widely used in food supplements for management of various chronic diseases and as an
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“Folates”, also known as vitamin B9, is a generic term for folic acid and its derivatives – dihydro-, tetrahydro-, methyl- and formyl compounds – which have metabolic activity. B9 is
Around 80% of the population regularly take food supplements and most consumers are convinced that the products are safe and effective. Despite the popularity of FS, some concerns have been
Lactose is a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharides: D-glucose and D-galactose, linked by a β-1,4-glycosidic bond, and is found mainly in dairy products. It occurs in two isomeric forms: α-lactose
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin obtained from the diet either in the form of vitamin A (mainly retinol and retinyl esters) in foods of animal origin or as provitamin
Proficiency testing is an effective external quality control tool for evaluating a laboratory’s analytical performance since it provides an important interlaboratory comparison and objective assessment of staff competencies, sample handling,
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is an endogenous metabolite present in all living organisms. SAM exists in two diastereoisomeric forms: the biologically active isomer (S,S)-S-adenosyl-methionine and
Dry extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is listed in the European Pharmacopeia and other monographs as a component of herbal preparations indicated for the symptomatic treatment of functional digestive
Vitamin K is recognized as a key factor in the synthesis of blood clotting factors, but its involvement in a broader range of biological mechanisms, including calcium homeostasis, bone and
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an important neurohormone that readily penetrates cell membranes and exerts many beneficial biological functions for human health and well-being, including neuroprotective, immune-supportive, and anti-ageing properties. The best-known